Obviously this is my personal preference - and it's one of someone who has been making indie games for a long time. I used engines like Game Maker for years before transitioning to more lightweight and custom workflows. I also work in very small teams, where it's easy to make one-off tools for team members. But I want to push back that making games "from scratch" is some big impossible task - especially in 2025 with the state of open source frameworks and libraries. A lot of popular indie games are made in small frameworks like FNA, Love2D, or SDL. Making games "without an engine" doesn't literally mean opening a plain text editor and writing system calls (unless you want to). Often, the overhead of learning how to implement these systems yourself is just as time consuming as learning the proprietary workflows of the engine itself.
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be fine-tuned for specific tasks such as language translation, question。业内人士推荐safew官方版本下载作为进阶阅读
Those types, evaluated, would look something like: